Lesson (16): Anna-ato النَعْتُ The Adjective

Study the following sentences:

1.     الحِــذَاءُ ضَيِّقٌ Al-he-za-o Die-you-kon  (The shoes are tight.)

2.     يَلْبَسُ أشْرَفٌ حِـذَاءً Yal-baso Ash-ra-fon He-za-an (Ashraf wears shoes)

3.     يَلْبَسُ أشرفٌ حِـذَاءً ضَـيِّـقًا Yal-baso Ash-ra-fon He-za-an Die-yeek-an (Ashraf wears tight shoes)

4.     لِلْبَبَّغَاءِ رِيشٌ Lel-pub-agha-e Rea-shon (Parrot has feathers)

5.     الرِّيشُ جميلٌ Arre-sho Ja-me-lon (The feathers are beautiful).

6.     للببغاءِ ريشٌ جَمِيلٌ  Lel-pub-agha-e Rea-shon Ja-me-lon (Parrot has beautiful feathers)

Lesson (15): dJa-row Alis-me جَرُّ الاسْمِ

Examples:

- سَافَرَ تِيْم إلَى مِيكْسِيكُو لَيْلَةَ أمْسٍ Sa-fa-ra Tim Ela Mexico Lay-lata Ams (Tim travelled to Mexico last night).  

- يَطِيرُ الصَّقْرُ عَاليًا فِي السَّمَاءِ  Ya-tero Assaqro A-lee-an Fee Assama (The falcon flies up in the sky).

- تُصْنَعُ الحَقَائِبُ مِنَ الجِلْدِ Toss-na-o Al-ha-ka-ebo Mena Al-jell-de (The bags are made of leather).

- تَرْقُدُ الحَمَامَةُ عَلَىَ البيضِ Tar-ko-do Al-ha-ma-ma-to Ala Al-bayde (dove lays on the eggs).

- عَفَوْنَا عَنْ المُسِيءِ A-faw-na Ann El-mo-sea-e (we forgave the naughty one).

- شَرِبْتُ الحِسَاءَ بِـالمِلْعَقَةِ Sha-rib-to Al-he-sa-a Bell-mell-aka (I drank the soap with spoon).

- صَنَعَ الخيَّاطُ رداءً لـتيري  Sa-na-a Al-khy-ato Re-da-an Lee-tea-re (Tailor made a dress for Terri).

Observations:

- The words at the end of each of the above examples are all nouns.

- Each noun of them are preceded with one of the propositions (إلى، فِى، مِنْ، عَلَى، عَنْ، الباء، اللام)

- If we looked at the end of each of the previous nouns, which are preceded with any of the proposition particles mentioned , we observe it is ended with Kasra vole مجرورًا No reasons for such Kasra vole but being preceded with any of such proposition particles. So, they are named: حروفُ الجَرِّ  who-roof-o Al-Ja-re (Proposition Particles). 

Lesson 14 Enna Wa Akhwatoh - continued

Observations:

From Examples I, the Mobtada المبتدأ (e.g: Aza-hamo الزَحامُ, Athaw-bo الثوبُ, Al-khademo الخَادِمُ) is ended with Dumma vole مرفوع بالضمة Marfoo-on Bel-Dumma and the Al-Khabar الخَبَر is ended with Tanweenon Bel-Dumme vole تنوينٌ بالضمِّ (e.g: Sha-deed-on شَدِيدٌ, Ka-ser-on قَصِيرٌ, Ka-we-on قَويٌ… etc)

From Example II, The Mobtada المبتدأ (e.g: Aza-hama الزَحامَ, Athaw-ba الثوبَ, Al-khadema الخَادِمَ) is ended with Fat-ha vole (Mansoab-on Bel-Fat-ha (منصوب بالفتحة the Al-Khabar الخَبَر is ended with Tanweenon Bell-dumme vole تنوينٌ بالضمة (e.g: Sha-deed-on شَدِيدٌ, Ka-ser-on قَصِيرٌ, Ka-we-on قَوىٌ… etc)

Analysis:

The Nominative sentence الجملة الاسمية (Al-jom-la Al-ess-me-a-to) which is formed from المبتدأ والخبر Al-mobtada Wal-khabar, where they always are ended with Dumma vole , but when the nominative sentence is preceded with Enna or any of its sisters إنَّ وأخواتها the situation is changed, as الخبر Al-khabar is ended with تنوين بالضمة Tanweenen bel-dumma (إنَّ الْزحَامَ شَدِيدٌ، أنَّ الثوبَ قصيرٌ، كََأنَّ الخَادِمَ قَوِىٌ)

Rule:

When إنَّ (Kana) or any of its sisters وأخواتها precedes a nominative sentence, the vole of Al-mob-ta-da المبتدأ is changed from الضمة (Dumma) into الفتحة  (Fat-ha) while الخبر is kept with no change.

(If you have any questions pls feel free to leave a comment, thank you)

Lesson 14- Enna Wa Akhwa-to-ha إنَّ وأخواتها

We will use the previous examples we already used in Lesson 13.

Examples I

The Sentence	Translitration	Meaning	Al-Mobtada	Al-Khabar
الْزحَامُ شَدِيدٌ	Aza-ha-mo Sha-deed-on	The Crowd is much	الزحامُ	شَدِيدٌ
الثوبُ قصيرٌ	A-thaw-bo Kasser-on	The dress is short	?	?
الخَادِمُ قَوِىٌّ	Al-kha-demo Ka-we-on	The maid is strong
العَامِلُ مُتْعَبٌ	Al-amelo Mot-abon	The Worker is tired
الغَمَامُ كَثِيفٌ	Al-gha-mamo Ka-thef-on	The cloud is much
المَطَرُ غَزِيرٌ	Al-mata-row Gha-zeer-on	The rain is heavy
المِصْبَاحُ مُتَقِدٌ	Al-mess-baho Mo-ta-key-don	The lamp is on

Examples  II

The Sentence	Translitration	Meaning	Al-Mobtada	Al-Khabar
إنَّ الْزحَامَ شَدِيدٌ	Enna Aza-ha-ma Sha-deed-on	Indeed the Crowd is much!	الزحامَ	شَدِيدٌ
أنَّ الثوبَ قصيرٌ	Anna A-thaw-ba Kasser-on	Indeed The dress is short	?	?
كَأنَّ الخَادِمَ قَوِيٌ	Ka-anna Al-kha-dema Ka-we-on	The maid seems strong
لَكِنَّ العَامِلَ مُتْعَبٌ	La-kenna Al-amela Mot-ab-on	But the worker is tired
َلَيْتَ الغَمَامَ كَثِيفٌ	Layta Al-gha-mama Ka-thef-on	Wish if the cloud were much
لَعْلَّ المَطَرَ غَزِيرٌ	La’ala Al-mata-ra Gha-zeer-on	Maybe the rain is heavy

To be Continued ==============

Lesson 13: Kana Wa Akhwa-to-ha كانَ وأخواتها

Observations:

From Examples I, the Mobtada المبتدأ (e.g: Aza-hamo الزَحامُ, Athaw-bo الثوبُ, Al-khademo الخَادِمُ) is ended with Dumma vole مرفوع بالضمة Marfoo-on Bel-Dumma and the Al-Khabar الخَبَر is ended with Tanweenon Bel-Dumme vole تنوينٌ بالضمِّ (e.g: Sha-deed-on شَدِيدٌ, Ka-ser-on قَصِيرٌ, Ka-we-on قَويٌ… etc)

From Example II, The Mobtada المبتدأ (e.g: Aza-hamo الزَحامُ, Athaw-bo الثوبُ, Al-khademo الخَادِمُ) is ended also with Dumma vole (Marfoo-on Bel-Dumma (مرفوع بالضمة the Al-Khabar الخَبَر is ended with Tanweenon Bel-Fat-ha vole تنوينٌ بالفتحِ (e.g: Sha-deed-an شَدِيدًا, Ka-ser-an قَصِيرًا, Ka-we-an قَويًا… etc)

Analysis:

The Nominative sentence الجملة الاسمية (Al-jom-la Al-ess-me-a-to) which is formed from المبتدأ والخبر Al-mobtada Wal-khabar, where they always are ended with Dumma vole , but when the nominative sentence is preceded with Kana or any of its sisters كان وأخواتها the situation is changed, as الخبر Al-khabar is ended with تنوين بالفتحِ Tanweenen bel-fat-he (كَانَ الْزحَامُ شَدِيدًا، كَانَ الثوبُ قصيرًا، كَانَ الخَادِمُ قَوِيًّا)

Rule:

When كان (Kana) or any of its sisters وأخواتها precedes a nominative sentence, the vole of Al-khabar الخبر is changed from الضمة (Dumma) into الفتحة  (Fat-ha)