(9) The Nominative Sentence

Examples:

1.   البَّابُ مَكْسُورٌ	2.   الأبوابُ مفتوحةٌ
3.   الطريقُ وَاسِعٌ	4.   الشَّارِعُ مُزْدَحِمٌ

Observations:

The examples above are complete sentences, each one is formed of two nouns, and the first one is called: مُبْتـَــــدأٌ (Mobta-da-on) – Debutante and the second noun is called خــــبر (Khabar-on) – News- and due to they start with a noun so it is called : جملةٌ اسْميةٌ (Joom-laton Es-me-ah) a nominative sentence.

Which of the following sentences is جملة فعلية  Verbal sentence , and جملة اسمية  Nominative sentence:

الجملـــــــــة The sentence	اســــــمية Nominative	فعليــة Verbal
المَزْرَعَةُ وَاسِعَةٌ  The ranch is large l wide
تَطيرُ العصافيرُ The little birds fly
تَلعَبُ البناتُ The girls play
الجَوُّ بَدِيعٌ The weather is great
يَنْدَمُ المُجْرِمُ The criminal regret
الفقيرُ مُحتاجٌ  The poor man is needy

Exercises on Verbal Sentences

Exercise No. (2)

Form a verbal sentence  جُمْلَةً فِعْليَةً(Joom-latan) where each of the following nouns comes as a subject فَاعِل (Fa’elan) for a verb فِعْل (Fee’lon) in the past tense الماضي (Al-Ma-dee):

القَمَرُ – السِرَاجُ – الكتكوت – الـنمــــر – الرداء – الزهرة

Example :

الاســــــم	الجملــــــة The Sentence
القَمَــــــــرُ

Exercise No. (3)

Form a verbal sentence  جُمْلَةً فِعْليَةً(Joom-latan) where each of the following nouns comes as a subject فَاعِل (Fa’elan) for a verb فِعْل (Fee’lon) in the ‘Present Tense’ المضارع (Al-Mo-dar’e):

الحمامة – البائع – الأسد – الظلام - النجوم

Example:

الاســــــم	الجملــــــة The Sentence
الحمــامة

Put the following words in the proper place:

أنْشَــــدَ          يَكْتُبُ           فَتَـــحَ             أغْلَــــقَ

........................ الـبَابَ            ........................ المُطْرِبُ

........................ النَّافِــذَةَ          ........................ الـدَّرْسَ

Explanation:

Each one of the above examples is called: a perfect sentence. You know why?

Observe the above sentences. You will realize that each one is formed of two words.

What do we name the first word in each sentence? (خَبَر، فعل، فاعل، مبتدأ)

What do we name the second word in each sentence? (خَبَر، فعل، فاعل، مبتدأ)

What do we conclude? And what do we name such sentences?

Specify the verb and the subject in each of the following sentences:

الفاعل	الفعل	الجملة
		يَشْرَحُ المُعَلِّمُ
		يَنْجَحُ الطَالِبُ
		تَشْرَبُ البِنْتُ
		تَنْمُوَ الأشجارُ
		تُثمِرُ الفَاكِهَةُ
		يأكُلُ الولدُ

Al-Mob-tad’a Wal Kha-bar المبتدأ والخَبَرُ

Examples:

الغزالُ سريعٌ  Al-Ghazalo Sa-ree3on (The Ghazal is rabid)

الفاكِهَةُ حُلْوةٌ Al-Fa-kehato Who-lwa-ton (The fruits are delicious)

الصُّورَةُ جميلةٌ Asso-rato Ja-me-la-ton  (The picture is beautiful)

Observations:

The previous examples are complete sentences جمل مفيدة, and each sentence is formed of two nouns اسمين. If we looked at the end of each noun of the two nouns in each sentence of the previous sentences we would find it مرفوعًا

·        1^st noun of each sentence is the noun with which the sentence started, so it is named: مبتدأ (Mobtada) Starter

·        2^nd noun in each sentence is the one which informed us أخبرنا what is the matter with the first noun, so it is named: خبرًا Khabaran (news)

o   If we read the word الغزال only by itself, we would be confused, what is the matter of الغزال

o   If we read the word الصورة only by itself, we would be confused, and asked, what is the matter with الصورة

o   But when we read: الغزالُ سريعٌ – الصورة جميلة we have a complete information that the Ghazal is rabid, and the picture is beautiful, so they are two complete sentences , and the second noun is the one who completed the sentence by giving us a complete meaning.

Exercise:

Specify which of the following is the مبتدأ and which is the خبر in the following sentences

The sentence	المبتدأ	الخبر
الغزال سريعٌ
الطعامُ لذيذٌ
البنتُ جميلةٌ
الولدُ ذكيٌّ

Arabic Alphabets

English         Arabic     Alliteration        Phonetics    Listen to the Letter in Arabic

A                        أ                 Alef                     A (as in a pupil, a girl)

B                       ب                 Ba'a                   Ba (as in Back, Bad, Ban )

The Object - Almaf-ool Beh المفعول به

Examples:

يأكلُ الوَلَــــدُ الطعامَ Ya'kolo Al-walado Atta3ama

            (The boy is eating the food)

طبخ الرجلُ  الطعامَ  Ta-ba-kha Arra-jolo Atta-3ama

           (The man cooked the food)

صَنَعَ الخيَّـاطُ قميصًا Sa-na-3a Al-khayato Qameesan

           (The tailor sewed a shirt)

يسقي الفلاحُ الزَرْعَ  Yass-key Al-falaho Azara3a

           (The farmer waters the plants) 

Observations:

Each sentence of the previous sentences is formed of a verb and 2 nouns:

The 1st noun, which we named : فاعـــــلاً  fa-3elan (subject) , because it is him/her who did the action.

The boy (الولـــــــــد) is the one who eats the food

and, The farmer (الفـــلاح) is the one who irrigates the plants 

The 2^nd noun is that affected by the verb:

as the verb صَنَــــعَ Sana3a (made), which was done by the الخيَّـــــاطُ Al-khayato (The tailor) resulted in sewing the shirt القميص Al-Qamees

Also, الطبــــــخ Attabkho (cooking) was done by the الرجــــــل Arrajolo (The man) resulted in making the الطعامَ Atta-3ama (food)

Each one of those nouns, which resulted in due to the action (the verb) of the subject are named: مفعولاً به Maff-oolan beh (object)

*** What do you observe on the end letter of each noun that specify the object?

The answer is: we observe الفتحــــــــــة Al-fat-ha vole on the last letter of each object.

Exercise:

Specify the noun which did by the verb and the noun which was done by the verb in the following sentences:

	the noun did the verb	the noun done by the verb
يُـذَاكِـرُ التلميذُ الـدَّرْسَ  You-za-kero  A-tell-me-zo  addarsa (The student studies the lesson)
يَلْعَبُ الولدُ الكُرَةَ  Yal-3abo Al-walado Al-kora-ta (The boy plays football)
يَشربُ المَرِيضُ الدَّوَاءَ Yash-rabo Al-ma-reedo Adda-wa’a (The patient drinks the medicine)
يبيعُ القصَّابُ اللحمَ Ya-be3o Al-qassa-bo Allahma (The butcher sells meat)